Final Essay Raoul Hausmann and Jamie Ried

Raoul Hausmann was a key figure in the Berlin Dada movement in the early 20th century. As a an Avante Garde artists in the Dada movement he adhered to the philosophies behind Dada, being the anti-art and against social and cultural traditons after the first world war. The aim of the Dadist was to change society's image towards art and culture through their work. Hausmann belived in the 'The notion of destruction as an act of creation was the point of departure’

The dadist sought to look towards the future by restoring the errors of the past and conform to a new ideology toward culture. As an artist Hausmann made use of new technologies which emerged in the Dada movement. Hausmann's work made use of the new technique of photo montage which was pioneered by the Dadist and also incorporated found material in his work. At the time these were new an innovative aspect which started to emerge in art. The use of ready mades and collages was in line with the anti art mentality as they also wanted to move away from traditional art tools and techniques. The development of the new techniques was a crucial aspect that effected society and they could have an updated view towards art. Also a n important aspect of Hausmann work was the way he portrayed type and cut outs of different typefaces which at the time was was regarded as an innovation for art. The common notion at the time is that art was simply aesthetic imagery. The fact that the use of type started to emerge shows the dadist re interpretation of art their society. The dadist work spread to different field of art including music , expressive art and literature which would widely span its effects on society

Another artist who believed in a similar ideology of Hausmann and the Dadist was designer Jaimie Reid. Reid is an English artist which work emerged in the early to mid 1970’s In the punk sub culture. Like the dadist the punk ideology was based against society. They believed in anarchy and wanted no part with tradition conformities. The punk movement was directly influenced by a Punk music band the Sex pistols which also believed in this ideology. At the time the young emerging society followed and was influenced by the sex pistols and this allowed Jamie Reid art to also effect society as he was responsible for designing their album covers. Like Hausmann, Jamie Reid made use of different type faces which would be collaged on his imagery similar to Hausmann. Also Reid made use of photomontage and collage techniques which were previously developed by Hausmann and the Dadist which reflects on the similarities w these separate styles have in common. Reids work would mainly involve images of important figures of culture and society which are in political or powerful positions incorporating ironic slogans which served as a symbol against the rule in his work. The use of using irony would effect the people who viewed his work which could influence their belifs and open their eyes to the issues in their society.

References

http://ashleighberryman.wordpress.com/tag/jamie-reid/

http://www.dada-companion.com/hausmann/

http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/mar/26/british-design-modern-age

 

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Group work Presentation

The following is the structuring process of the group work presentaion. My group consisted of researching 2 modern art movement along with my colleges Rhys and Noel. The topic we had to undertake in the presentation were constructivism and De stijl which are art movements that emerged in europe in the early 20th century.

The first step to undertake the presentation consisted of planning and dividing the work amongst each other. As a starting point I volunteered to create a layout of the presentation which would aid use in the planning strages of the presentation.
below is a photo of the presentation layout and the division of work for each group member.

After having determined the layout and the number of slides the next step was delegate with each other to divide the work load in order to gather research for the presentation. In my case I was tasked to research 2 important artist of consrtructivism and de Stijl, being Alexander Rodchenko and Piet Mondrian. Also this factor would be the topics I had to discuss in the presentation.

Above is the process of research I gathered which would would be placed in the presentation. The final aspect was after compiling the evidence we would meet and put the information in a Prezi which would be submitted and finally which would finally be addressed infront of the class.

finalisation of InfoGraphic

Above is the Final outcome of the infographic which outlines 5 different movements from japanese print to punk. overall I am pleased with the layout and the aesthetic visual of the infographic. the use of countries represents the boundaries which differ from the syles which directly influeced each other over the years. Also the use of colour serves as a crucial aspect as it shows respective style. Colour was also used for the text which is  scattered around the page, these word are colour co ordinated and are placed in all of the segments. The similar aspects of the styles has been joined using coloured text and simillar text will have similar colour. this approach provides the viewer to identify similar elements which were of influence to the styles.

Infographic design idea # 3

After having sketched 2 layout design ideas the road to finanlising the infographic was near. The second geometric idea was the basis for the next layout idea as incorporate the 3D element which I was pleased with. proceeding through the researchthe next idea came to my head. The fact that the chosen styles have emerged from different countries provided me with the idea to replace the geomethric cube /shape which would hold the information with the country that the style emerged from.This would be useful as the styles would be divided according to the nation which would show a transition from different cultures. the sketch seen below is a 3D represantation of France which serves as a gudline.

The respective countries would be place next to each other and vary from each other in a chronological stand point from the different heights to one an other. This concept of hierarchy was already established in idea # 2. the overall layout would be portrayed as seen below. the cubes represent the different countries 

Above photos represent the finalised idea which was developed further incorporating all the chosen styles and appointed colour scheme to ease legibility and to contrast the movements.

Infographic design idea # 2

After the first sketches were made the next step was to expand other ideas as not to base on just one option. The matter to the fact was that I was not 100% sure on the first idea and was not happy with the outcome. The next step was to go back and sketch a different idea for the layout.

The second idea main aspect was to make use of geometric layout. I started sketching geometric shapes which would serve as the main area to insert the information. The geometric approach to the layout led to the following sketches which can be seen below.

As can be seen above the sections for the styles are made up of distorted polygon shapes. The new ideas still had similar aspects to the first sketches. The next step was to develop the idea further and by doing so i managed to incorporate 3D element tot the  idea of using geometric shapes and the outcome can be see below

the raised shapes would be used to enclose text and imagery and another aspect to the idea is that the different height between each segment would be higher then previous to emphasis the difference of time between the style. The earlieststyle would be placed in the lowest segment and further along style will be placed higher

Infographic design idea # 1

The first task that in the process of creating the finalised infographic was to first determine the overall visau; layout of the infographic. I started by sketching some ideas of the layout on a piece of paper.

The first approach towards the layout mainly involved using a spiral (golden rule) layout which would serve as the gudline to follow. the information would be placedaround the centre section which would serve a s the earliest art movement and the other movements would spiral around. This would be useful as to emphasis and to show the hierarchy of information
In the photo scene below illustrates the idea of and also incorporates different layout which still have the same principal.

After having analysed the ideas the next step was to develop them furthure but still keeping inline with main concept. After more sketching i combined the three layouts see above and came up with the following developed idea which would suit the concept perfectly

The developed version combines the same idea but the section in which the information would be placed are now overlayed one over the other. The sections are given numbers to show the sequence to which the movements progress through the ages. Also incorporated in the sketch are the main issues to research and the chosen and identified which will be researched in depth in later stages.

Banksy

Banksy is a United Kingdom-based, graffiti artist, political activist, film director, and painter. His work involves satirical street art and subversive epigrams combine dark humour with graffiti executed in distinctive stencilling technique. Such artistic works of political and social commentary have been featured on streets, walls, and bridges of cities throughout the world.

Banksy's work was made up of the Bristol underground scene which involved collaborations between artists and musicians. Banksy displays his art on publicly visible surfaces such as walls, even going as far as to build physical prop pieces. Banksy’s Stencils are traditionally hand drawn or printed onto sheets of acetate or card, before being cut out by hand. Because of the secretive nature of Banksy's work and identity, it is uncertain what techniques he uses to generate the images in his stencils, though it is assumed he uses computers for some images due to the photocopy nature of much of his work. Banksy has also made films and he made his own film i n 2010 ‘exit through the gift shop’ which documents the life of other graffiti artists along with his work in the urban street art scene.

References

http://www.banksyfilm.com/synopsis.html?reload

http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/banksy

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-story-behind-banksy-4310304/

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Stefan Sagmiester

Stefan Sagmeister born August 6, 1962 in Austria is a New York-based graphic designer and typographer. He has his own design firm—Sagmeister & Walsh Inc.—in New York City. Sagmeister is on of the most influencial designer of the present time and is responsible for designing album covers for Lou Reed, OK Go, The Rolling Stones, David Byrne, Aerosmith and Pat Metheny. His perspective towards design and his motto is "Design that needed guts from the creator and still carries the ghost of these guts in the final execution." Sagmeister has made a name for himself in design profession and has been awarded many great awards in the design world in these last 10 years.

His work can be linked to the style created by David Carson in the early 1990’s and has developed on the grungy style relying heavily on handwritten typography which is meshed and scattered alongside imagery and photography. Sagmeister has heavily impacted design in these last 10 years and his studio is presently still working on corporate designs and branding of large corporations, editorial design publishing more than one book, websites and apps and advertising to name a few

References

http://www.sagmeisterwalsh.com/work/

http://designmuseum.org/design/stefan-sagmeister

http://www.ted.com/talks/stefan_sagmeister_shares_happy_design.html

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Ron English

Ron English is an American contemporary artist who explores brand imagery and advertising. He is known for his use of colour and comic book collage. rough his work the artist sends the viewer a subliminal message which shows the darker side of contemporary society.

One of the most prolific and recognizable artists alive today, Ron

English has bombed the urban landscape with images, on the street, in museums, in movies, books and television.English coined the term POPaganda to describe his signature mash-up of high and low cultural touchstones, from superhero mythology to totems of art history, populated with his vast and constantly growing arsenal of original characters, including MC Supersized, the obese fast-food mascot featured in the hit movie “Supersize Me,” and Abraham Obama, the fusion of America’s 16th

and 44th Presidents, an image widely discussed in the media as directly impacting the 2008 election. Other characters carousing through English’s art, in paintings, billboards, and sculpture include three-eyed rabbits, udderly delicious cowgirls and grinning skulls, blending stunning visuals with the bitingly humorous undertones of America’s Premier PopIconoclast.

     

Thoughts...

·         Ron English is an artist which is highly inspired by

·         Pop Art and pop art symbols which can be seen in

·         his work

·         The artist intentions are to educate people and

·         create awareness against the corporate brainwashing

·         which is portraying the way we live today

·         through media.

·         Another aspect which Ron English’s Art that interested

·         me is His style which is highly influenced by

·         comic and cartoonish elements which are combine in a surrealistic manner

Ron English was one of the firt to incorporate element of contemporary street art with elements of graphic design, mainly in the corporate word. His work philosophy is similar to pop at ideologies as his work is manifested against social ideology through commercial art.

https://www.popaganda.com/

http://www.lazinc.com/artist/ron-english

http://www.juxtapoz.com/tag/ron-english

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David Carson

David Carson is an American graphic designer and art director born in 1954. Carson is best known for his innovative magazine design, and use of experimental typography. He was the art director for the magazine Ray Gun, in which he employed much of the typographic and layout style for which he is known. In particular, his widely imitated aesthetic defined the so-called "grunge typography" era.

This new style of grunge typography combined influences of Internantional Typographic style (Swiss Design), New Wave and Punk. His work was characterised with random positioning of text, use of hand drawn typography, collage style placement of images and grungy dirty look. His layouts featured distortions or mixes of 'vernacular' typefaces and fractured imagery, rendering them almost illegible.

Carson fame as an artist grew from his works in Ray Gun magazine. In 1995 he left Ray Gun magazine and moved to New York city were he founded his own studio, David Carson Design. Carson started to attract major clients and was doing work for Pepsi Cola, Ray Ban (orbs project), Nike,Microsoft, Budweiser, Giorgio Armani, NBC, American Airlines and Levi Strauss Jeans, and later worked for a variety of new clients, includingAT&T Corporation, British Airways, Kodak, Lycra, Packard Bell, Sony,Suzuki, Toyota, Warner Bros., CNN, Cuervo Gold, Johnson AIDS Foundation, MTV Global, Princo, Lotus Software, Fox TV, Nissan,quiksilver, Intel, Mercedes-Benz, MGM Studios and Nine Inch Nails. He, along with Tina Meyers, designed the "crowfiti" typeface used in the filmThe Crow: City of Angels.

David Carson style of Grunge typography was an influential style that till to this date is being used by graphic designers. The grunge design also was the style were the graphic design tools were changed to accommodate new technologies and this make the grunge style one of the pioneers for digital application to graphic design. Using the computer as an artistic tool.

References

http://amandafa27.blogspot.com/2008/12/david-carson-essay.html



http://www.davidcarsondesign.com/



http://www.kenyaferrand.com/pics/web/css_layout/david.html





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Grunge

Grunge is a sub genre of alternative rock that emerged during the mid-1980s in the American state of Washington, particularly in the Seattle area. The grunge style was inspired by hardcore punk, heavy metal, and alternative rock. Similar to the Punk movement the roots of Grunge design started with the introduction of the new style of music which reflected and influenced by the principles of the style. The main band that portrayed Grunge was the band Nirvana late 80’s early 90’s

Grunge designs elements involve dirty stains, torn images, “broken” icons and creased pieces of paper, hand-drawn elements and dirty textures. The main purpose of hand-drawn elements lies in their ability to convey the designer personality and an individual expression. The overall style of grunge was having a dirty look, grungy look. Also the hand drawn element and type are used to emphasis on the urban elements of graffiti.

  

An important designer of grunge style is David Carson which was the designer responsible for the magazine designs of Ray Gun Megazine  a famous music magazine in the early 90’s. His work was characterised with random positioning of text, use of hand drawn typography, collage style placement of images and grungy dirty look.

The grunge style principles would influence graphic design an designer up to this date. A notable contemporary graphic designer which work is influenced by the grunge style and by David Carson is Stefan Sagmeister whic developed on the style.

References.

http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2008/03/11/the-secrets-of-grunge-design/

http://www.onextrapixel.com/2011/05/11/grunge-in-design-examples-tutorials-and-resources/

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Jamie Reid

Jamie Reid is an English artist and anarchist BORN IN 1947. His work would combine letters cut from newspaper headlines in the style of a ransom note, made use of collage and photomontage techniques and manifested against society, portraying national figures and symbols which defined the image of punk rock, particularly in the UK

Jamie Reid’s works were important to the punk style and he was responsible for working with legendary punk rock band Sex pistols. Reid was commission by the band to design their album covers and his work would become visual icons in the style to this day. Reid incorporated straight to the point slogan to his work and attacked political and cultural issues.

       

  

Jamie Reid was clearly influenced by the image and type collages of the Dadaists. These influences on Reid’s typography, with its random and eclectic mixing of fonts, sizes and styles, can be seen in many Dadaist artworks. Also, the idea of using reachable resources is shown through Jamie Reid’s artwork made for The Sex Pistols, this artwork was made from things such as defaced images, ripped up flags and was detailed with things like safety pins (common object in Reid’s work). Also the way reid approached his design was also an influence by Weingart New Wave principle of self expression which Reid’s designs can be associated with

 References\

http://www.jamiereid.org/

http://ashleighberryman.wordpress.com/tag/jamie-reid/

http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/mar/26/british-design-modern-age

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Punk art Movement

Punk was counter culture established in London England in the mid 70’s. This new subversive culture embraced art, music, fashion.  The principles behind punk were anarchy and anti establishment. Followers of the style were to be recognised by their aggressive and anarchic behaviour.

A strong influence to the style was brought by the Sex Pistols a famous punk rock band of the era. The art on their albums was the visual identify of the culture.  The art style behind punk was characterised by throw away collage technique, chaotic typography and shocking slogans.

The style made use of element which were present in dada (photo montage and collage), Pop art ( use of celebrity figures in imagery, Warhol) Psychedelia (especially the underground comic scene, R.Crumb) and also New wave influence of Deconstructivism in graphics (Weingart)

Work by Neville Brody

work by barney Bubbles

work by Pter Saville

work by Jamie Reid

Designer that emerged from punk style include Neville Brody, Barney Bubbles, Peter Saville and Malcolm Garret which their work was feature in editorial and album cover design through put the post modern artistic era. But  thee most influential designer of punk design was Jamie Reid which also was responsible for designing all of the sex Pistols Album covers and was the pioneer for the visual principles found in the style.

References

The Thames and Hudson

 Dictionary of Graphic design and Designers

1992-98 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London UK

http://www.designhistory.org/PostModern_pages/Punk.html

http://typetastingnews.com/2013/10/24/how-punk-changed-graphic-design/

accessed 25/1/2014 @ 10:00

Wolfgang Weingart

Wolfgang Weingart was a German Post modern graphic designer in the 1950-60’s. His artistic career started in the Swiss design style. He contributed immensely in post modernistic graphic design and was the founder of New Wave design. His style adopted an electric and anarchic approach which he applied to his graphic design work.

Influences

Weingart was heavily influenced by the work of Armin Hoffmann and Emil Ruder, two of the major designers during 1950s and 1960s.  These two designers were associated with the International Style, or Swiss typography.  The International Style was based on the Bauhaus movement and used grid systems as the foundation for type and image layout.  Sans serif typefaces were often used due to their practicality for clear and functional communication.

One of the major ideas behind the International Style was the belief that all typography should be "unobtrusive and transparent" in order to clearly communicate the design's message.  While he had been trained under this school of thought, Weingart had no difficulty breaking away from it, and at times, doing completely the opposite within his work. 

Weingart started experimenting with type and breaking of the grid and began pushing to the limits of the qualities of type while still maintaining it's purpose.  While the International Style called for type to be simply functional, Weingart called for typography to be both functional and noteworthy.  Wiengart adopted the impression that a designer should ignore the "traditional" rules of layout and feel free to experiment with how type interacts with the rest of the composition.

Weingart deconstructive approach toward gaphic design principles was a great influence to emerging punk and grunge designers such as Neville Broady in Holland and David carson (Ray Gun magazine) and Jamie Reid.

References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Weingart

http://www.moma.org/collection/artist.php?artist_id=6289

http://www.designhistory.org/PostModern_pages/NewWave.html

The Thames and Hudson

 Dictionary of Graphic design and Designers

1992-98 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London UK

Accessed 24/1/2014 1900 approx

Post Modernism movement

Post modernism emerged in mid 60’s which was the new response towards modernism. The new style influenced various disceplines of design including architecture, graphics and applied arts. There are several characteristics which lend art to being postmodern; these include bricolage, the use of words prominently as the central artistic element, collage, simplification, appropriation, performance art, the recycling of past styles and themes in a modern-day context, as well as the break-up of the barrier between fine and high arts and low art and popular culture.Post modernism was directly influenced by elements of Dada, Constructivism, pop art, Bauhaus and International typography 

poster by Tissi

Wolfgang Weingart

The principle behind postmodernism was their opposition to modern philosophy fundamentals which were established by modern art that came before. The postmedernist rejcted and challenged the elements of discipline and order which were established by the Bauhaus. They based their work on the swiss design principles of graphic design elements. By the late 60’s with the some designers were fed up with following these rules which in their opinion restricted the page and started to break the rules to create less of a predictable outcome which would be a reflection of their expression(i.e. Destructivism). At the fore front of this new approach were designers, Odermatt and Tessi in zurich and Wolfgang Weingart in Basel..

Weingart became a famous figure and influencer in the 70’s. Weingart rejected dogma typographers like Tschihold, Ruder and Gerstner. His style adopted an electric and anarchic approach which was known as New Wave. Weingart often sacrificed legibility for expression.
Postmodernism was to spark the emergence of punk and grunge style in graphic design which would adhere to its philosophy of rejecting the rules and adopted the deconstructive and anarchic approach.



References

The Thames and Hudson
Dictionary of Graphic design and Designers
1992-98 Thames and Hudson Ltd,

 London UK

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0242.html

http://www.moma.org/collection/theme.php?theme_id=10174

http://ha065.wordpress.com/gamswen/postmodern-graphic-design/

http://gds.parkland.edu/gds/!lectures/history/1975/postmodern.html

All accessed 24/1/2014 1700

Underground Comics: ROBERT CRUMB

Robert Crumb and R. Crumb, is an American cartoonist and musician. Crumb is noted to be the most influencial underground comics artist that emerged from the psychedelic era His work displays a nostalgia for American folk culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and satire of contemporary American culture. His work has attracted controversy, especially for his depiction of women and non-white races. Crumb approach towards his story line is that he rarely starts a comic with a clear idea of where he wants to go, and usually employs a stream-of-consciousness method when drawing. Placing himself as the narrator in certain scenarios. The main characteristics of his drawing is the exemplary use of cross hatching in his work.

Robert Crumb was born on August 30, 1943 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a Catholic household of English and Scottish ancestry. At a young age Crumb was inspired by the works of Walt Kelly, Fleischer Brothers animation, and others, Crumb and his brothers drew their own comics and sold them door to door. Crumb started his career working for greetings card company American Greetings. At this stage he worked with another famous cartoon illustrator Harvey Krutzman who published some of Crumbs satirical comics in his editorial ‘Help!’. During the period crumb started using LSD and could not bare working at American Greetings. He moved away to New York city. His work was discovered in underground newspapers by the Califonia Counter culture and moved to California in 1967. In 1968 Zap Comix #1 appeared early that year, followed by #2 and #0; later issues also featured work by Rick Griffin, Victor Moscoso, Spain Rodriguez, Robert Williams, and S. Clay Wilson. Which all were influential artists of the Psychedelic movement.

   

Crumbs comics were filled with gratuitous sex, drugs, and violence; it sold well, and marked the beginning of the comics era. Crumb was a prolific cartoonist in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He produced much of his best-known work then, including his Keep on Truckin' strip, and strips featuring characters such as the bohemian Fritz the Cat, spiritual guru Mr. Natural, and oversexed African-American stereotype Angelfood McSpade.Through the fame of his cartoons Crumb would later also work designing music album covers. Crumb has illustrated many album covers, including most prominently Cheap Thrills by Big Brother and the Holding Company and the compilation album The Music Never Stopped: Roots of the Grateful Dead. Between 1974 and 1984, Crumb drew at least 17 album covers for Yazoo Records/Blue Goose Records, including those of the Cheap Suit Serenaders. He also created the revised logo and record label designs of Blue Goose Records that were used from 1974 onward. Besides music Crumb also was the first to have a cartoon which appealed only to adults. The movie was based on a cat character he created Fritz the cat. This was shown in the theatres in the early 70’s.

Robert crumb was an influential cartoonist and graphic novelist of the underground comic culture. His work influenced coming counter cultures punk and grunge which would emerge in the 70’s and 90’s.



http://www.biography.com/people/robert-crumb-9262692

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FlT4QZchxQw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FlT4QZchxQw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ym5n-ZZWUs



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Psychedelic Art Movement

The psychedelic movement was an alternative art and design movement that developed in America, especially in California during the social unrest of the mid-1960. This new art movement was influenced and associated itself with popular culture including rock music and the growing ‘Hippy’ culture. Also at the time the introduction of psychedelic and mind-expanding drugs, such as LSD were being used by artist. The visual sensations of the drugs were portrayed in their works, which were made up of distorted imagery, illegible lettering and vivid and garish colours schemes. These elements were highly applied to music posters, magazines and record covers. Pyschedelic art combined various elements from previous art movements and the main influences on psychedelic art derive from Art Nouveau, Surrealism, Op art and Pop art.

Milton Glazer poster

Add caption

Key characteristics

• Fantastic, metaphysical and surrealistic subject matter
• Kaleidoscopic patterns
• Bright highly contrasting colors
• Extreme depth of detail or stylization of detail.
• Morphing of objects 
• spirals, concentric circles
• Repetition of motifs
• Innovative typography and hand-lettering
• warping and transposition of positive and negative spaces imagesof art

The most important figure in psychedelic art were Victor Moscoso, Wes Wilson and Peter Max. An important fact about these influential desuigners is that they were self tought and this was first time in the history of art that the artist didnot have any traditional artistic knowhow.

As the movement progressed, many other artists became associated with the artistic style of Psychedelic Art. Some of these artists included Peter Max, Mati Klarwein, Pablo Amaringo, Roger Dean, and Robert Williams. Even the artist Salvador Dali became associated with the Psychedelic Art style. The Psychedelic movement had a strong influence on comic book artists who created an underground genre of comic book art known as “underground comix.” Robert Crumb was one of its chief proponents. By te early 1970’s psyched elia was an important visual component of youth culture through Europe and the U.S.

Vctor Moscosso poster

Victor Moscoso

The most important figure in psychedelic art were Victor Moscoso, Wes Wilson and Peter Max. An important fact about these influential designers is that they were self tought and this was first time in the history of art that the artist did not have a baisis of traditional artistic knowhow.



References

http://visualartsdepartment.wordpress.com/psychedelic-60s/

http://www.arthistory.net/artstyles/psychedelicart/psychedelicart1.html

All accessed 24/1/2014 1300

The Thames and Hudson
Dictionary of Graphic design and Designers
1992-98 Thames and Hudson Ltd, 
London UK